Varicose veins inside or just outside the anus are called hemorrhoids or piles. The cause of hemorrhoids is not known exactly but is mainly due to family history, pregnancy or if you are involved in an occupation which involves sitting for long hours. As well, constipation can cause pressure inside the abdomen that makes bowel motion strenuous, which also leads to hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids that are large enough are usually visible outside the anus and these can be very painful and itchy. Hemorrhoids can be quite painful and they can also become quite complicated, sometimes resulting is strangulated hemorrhoids. There are several non invasive options for treatment of hemorrhoids, but if they don’t work then you might have to proceed with a type of hemorrhoid surgery called hemorrhoidectomy. Before the hemorrhoid surgery, there are many issues that you need to discuss with your surgeon or doctor. This includes your medical history, your diet, and your allergic reaction to any drug so that the anesthesia can be chosen accordingly.
Hemorrhoid surgery can be performed using general anesthesia, local anesthesia or spinal block. Various surgery procedures include sclerotherapy, ligation, laser surgery, cryosurgery and hemorrhoidectomy.
In sclerotherapy, injecting a chemical into the blood vessels causes spasm in the blood vessels and seals them shut. Hemorrhoids shrivel due to lack of nutrients and oxygen. In ligation, a tight rubber band cuts off blood supply to the hemorrhoids. Hemorrhoids shrink due to lack of nutrients and oxygen. In laser surgery, hemorrhoids are burned using a targeted laser beam.
Hemorrhoidectomy is the most common form of hemorrhoid surgery. It is done using general anesthesia. A special device is inserted into the anus by the surgeon in order to see the hemorrhoids. A laser, scalpel or staple gun is used to remove the hemorrhoids. The anus and rectum membrane lining are then sewn to the muscle so that recurrence can be prevented.
After the surgery, you are made to lie down on your back using a flotation pillow support under your buttocks. To relieve the pain, an ice pack is used on the anal area. For recovery from hemorrhoid surgery, you need to follow a strict diet and avoid constipation by eating lots of fruits and vegetables so that your body gets enough fiber. Use over the counter laxatives if you need help to move bowels and drink plenty of water.
Some of the alternatives to hemorrhoid surgery are change in dietary habits, creams, stool softening medications, or natural hemorrhoid products.
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